Non-Verbal / Minimally Verbal Presentation
When to worry about non-verbal signs at 9–12 months
At 9 to 12 months it is too early to call a baby non-verbal — true words usually come after the first birthday. The real signs to watch are pre-verbal: babbling, gestures, eye contact, responding to their name and back-and-forth play. A general developmental check (and a hearing check) is worthwhile if these are clearly absent by around 12 months, or if any skill is lost.
If you're listening for words at 9 to 12 months and wondering whether quiet means trouble, your attentiveness is exactly the right instinct — and the news here is reassuring.
In short
At 9 to 12 months it is far too early to label a baby as non-verbal or minimally verbal — that is a description used much later in development, not in infancy. Most babies this age are not yet using true words, and that is completely typical. What matters now is not words but the building blocks before words: babbling, eye contact, gestures and responding to their name. If those early communication signs are present, you have every reason to feel reassured.What is actually appropriate to watch at this age
Real speech usually arrives after the first birthday, so silence on actual words is not a worry yet. Instead, gently notice these pre-verbal building blocks, which most babies show between 9 and 12 months:- Babbling — repeated sounds like "bababa", "dada", "mama", with rhythm and tune.
- Gestures — waving, reaching up to be picked up, pushing things away, and pointing or showing by around 12 months.
- Joint attention — following your gaze or a point, and looking back at you to share interest.
- Responding to their name and turning towards familiar voices and sounds.
- Back-and-forth — taking turns with sounds, smiles and little games like peek-a-boo.
These are the seeds of speech. A baby who babbles, gestures and connects with you is communicating beautifully, words or not.
When a check is worthwhile
It is sensible to arrange a general developmental check — not because of a worrying label, but to set your mind at ease — if by around 12 months your baby is not babbling at all, makes little eye contact, does not respond to their name, shows no gestures like waving or reaching, or seems not to react to everyday sounds. A loss of any sound, babble or gesture your baby clearly had before always deserves prompt review. A quick hearing check is also wise, as hearing underpins all early communication.The Pinnacle way
This is general information, not a diagnosis — a clinical AbilityScore® and any diagnosis are formed only at a Pinnacle Blooms Network centre, under qualified clinician care, never from an online description. Our clinicians look at the whole picture of your baby's early communication and build their own developmental baseline. If you'd like reassurance, a gentle developmental check maps where your baby is thriving, and our speech therapy team can offer playful, everyday ways to grow pre-verbal skills. The aim is clarity and confidence — not a label on a baby this young.Trusted sources
CDC developmental milestones and "Learn the Signs, Act Early" guidance on first-year communication; American Academy of Pediatrics developmental surveillance; WHO nurturing-care framework for early development.Next step — Trust what you've noticed and keep enjoying the babble. Book a developmental check with a Pinnacle clinician if any pre-verbal building block seems missing by 12 months.
What to watch
By around 12 months, gently check that your baby babbles, waves or reaches, responds to their name, follows your point, and reacts to everyday sounds. Arrange a developmental and hearing check if these are clearly absent, or if any sound, babble or gesture your baby once had disappears.
Try this at home
Narrate your day in short, sing-song sentences and pause after each one, leaving a gap for your baby to 'reply' with a babble, sound or gesture — these turn-taking games are how words are built.
Trusted sources
Developed by SETU Consortium · Pinnacle Blooms Network · Last reviewed 2026-06-10 · reviewed every 365 days
This is general information, not a diagnosis. A clinical AbilityScore® and any diagnosis are formed only at a Pinnacle Blooms Network centre, under qualified clinician care.
Frequently asked
Is it normal that my 9–12-month-old isn't saying any words yet?
Yes — most babies don't use true words until after their first birthday. At this age, babbling, gestures and connecting with you matter far more than actual words, so silence on real words is not a worry by itself.
What pre-verbal signs should I look for instead?
Look for babbling ("bababa", "dada"), waving and reaching, pointing or showing by around 12 months, responding to their name, following your gaze, and taking turns in little games like peek-a-boo. These are the building blocks of speech.
When should I arrange a check?
It's sensible to arrange a general developmental and hearing check if by around 12 months your baby isn't babbling at all, doesn't respond to their name, shows no gestures, or seems not to react to sounds — or if any skill they clearly had before disappears.
Could this mean autism?
It's far too early to draw any such conclusion at 9–12 months. A check at this age is simply to reassure you and map your baby's development — a clinical assessment and any diagnosis are only made later, at a Pinnacle Blooms Network centre under qualified clinician care.