Dyslexia (Reading Impairment)
When to refer a child with possible dyslexia to a specialist
Refer a school-age child (around 6–7+) when reading stays slow and effortful despite proper instruction, once hearing, vision, schooling and language barriers are ruled out. Look for a persistent cluster of signs, not one bad day. The frontline worker opens the door; only a clinician confirms dyslexia.
A child who is bright in conversation but stalls over the printed page is telling you something — and you are the first to hear it.
In short
Refer a child for specialist assessment when reading difficulty is persistent, unexpected for their age and schooling, and not explained by something simpler — typically once a child has had adequate reading instruction (around age 6–7 / Class 1–2) and is still struggling well below peers. First, rule out the obvious: an undetected hearing or vision problem, irregular schooling, or a language barrier. If those are addressed and reading still lags, refer onward. You are not diagnosing — you are opening the right door early.What to watch before you refer
Flag for specialist assessment when a school-age child shows a cluster of these, not a single off-day:- Slow, effortful, error-prone reading aloud despite normal instruction
- Trouble linking letters to sounds, or blending sounds into words
- Frequent letter/word reversals and spelling that stays poor over time
- Avoids reading, tires quickly, or grows distressed at reading tasks
- A gap between strong spoken ability and weak reading
- Family history of reading difficulty
Refer sooner if the child is withdrawing, being labelled "lazy", or losing confidence at school.
The science, briefly
Dyslexia (ICD-11 6A03.0) is a specific, neurobiological reading difficulty — not low intelligence or poor effort. Guidance from health and education bodies stresses that vision and hearing must be checked first, and that early identification with structured literacy support markedly improves outcomes. Your referral connects the child to a clinician and educational psychologist who can confirm what is happening.The Pinnacle way
No diagnosis or AbilityScore® is ever made from a form or a referral note — a clinical AbilityScore® and any diagnosis are formed only at a Pinnacle Blooms Network centre under qualified clinician care. Frontline workers are the vital first link: see dyslexia, route through our special education and learning support team, and understand the clinician-administered AbilityScore® that follows.Trusted sources
WHO ICD-11 (6A03.0); NICE guidance on learning difficulties; American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA); Rehabilitation Council of India.Next step — Don't wait for the child to "catch up". Book a learning assessment so a specialist can confirm the picture and start support early.
This is general information, not a diagnosis — a clinical AbilityScore® and any diagnosis are formed only at a Pinnacle Blooms Network centre under qualified clinician care.
What to watch
Refer sooner if the child is being called lazy, avoiding or distressed by reading, or losing confidence at school. First confirm hearing and vision are normal and that the child has had adequate, regular reading instruction.
Try this at home
When screening, ask the child to read a short age-appropriate passage aloud and watch for slow, effortful decoding rather than comprehension alone — and always check the child can hear and see well before assuming a reading problem.
Trusted sources
Developed by SETU Consortium · Pinnacle Blooms Network · Last reviewed 2026-06-10 · reviewed every 365 days
This is general information, not a diagnosis. A clinical AbilityScore® and any diagnosis are formed only at a Pinnacle Blooms Network centre, under qualified clinician care.
Frequently asked
At what age can dyslexia be assessed?
Reading difficulty becomes meaningfully assessable once a child has had adequate formal reading instruction — usually around age 6–7 (Class 1–2). Before that, focus on early language and pre-literacy play rather than a dyslexia label.
What should I rule out before referring?
Always check for undetected hearing loss, uncorrected vision problems, irregular or missed schooling, and language barriers. If reading still lags well below peers after these are addressed, refer for specialist assessment.
Does dyslexia mean low intelligence?
No. Dyslexia is a specific, neurobiological difficulty with reading and is unrelated to intelligence. Many children with dyslexia are bright and articulate, which is exactly why the difficulty is often missed.