Separation Anxiety Disorder
Separation Anxiety Disorder: ICD-11 6B05 features in early childhood
Separation Anxiety Disorder (ICD-11 6B05) is marked, developmentally excessive fear or anxiety about separation from attachment figures, persisting over time and causing functional impairment. In early childhood it presents as excessive worry about harm to caregivers, refusal to separate, separation nightmares and somatic complaints — exceeding normative developmental responses.
Clinginess is normal in early childhood — but when the distress is disproportionate, persistent and functionally impairing, it crosses into a recognised disorder.
In short
Separation Anxiety Disorder (ICD-11 6B05) is characterised by marked, developmentally excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from specific attachment figures. In early childhood the worry centres on actual or anticipated separation, persists for an extended period (typically several weeks or more), and is clearly out of proportion to the child's developmental stage. The hallmark is functional impairment — disrupted sleep, schooling, social participation or family routine.The science, briefly
Under ICD-11, the diagnosis requires that anxiety be focused on separation from those to whom the child is attached, manifesting as persistent excessive worry about harm befalling the attachment figure, reluctance or refusal to be apart, recurrent nightmares with separation themes, and somatic complaints (headache, abdominal pain, nausea) on separation or its anticipation. Symptoms must exceed normative developmental separation responses and cause distress or impairment across settings. Key differentials in this age band include normative attachment behaviour, social anxiety, generalised anxiety, and selective mutism; onset is commonly recognised before adolescence and may follow a stressor. Clinical judgement, multi-informant history and observation across contexts anchor the formulation.The Pinnacle way
A clinical AbilityScore® and any diagnosis are formed only at a Pinnacle Blooms Network centre, under qualified clinician care — never from an online tool. Our model integrates emotional-regulation profiling within the broader developmental picture. Explore Separation Anxiety Disorder, our child psychology and behavioural therapy pathway, and how the AbilityScore® is established.Trusted sources
WHO ICD-11 Mental, Behavioural and Neurodevelopmental Disorders (6B05); American Academy of Pediatrics guidance on childhood anxiety.Next step — Refer a family or partner with Pinnacle to co-manage early-childhood anxiety presentations.
This is general information, not a diagnosis — a clinical AbilityScore® and any diagnosis are formed only at a Pinnacle Blooms Network centre under qualified clinician care.
What to watch
Persistent refusal to separate, recurrent separation-themed nightmares, and somatic complaints (abdominal pain, headache) on anticipated separation that disrupt sleep, schooling or family routine across settings.
Try this at home
Distinguish normative clinginess from disorder by duration, proportionality and impairment — brief distress at drop-off that settles is typical; sustained, cross-setting impairment is not.
Trusted sources
Developed by SETU Consortium · Pinnacle Blooms Network · Last reviewed 2026-06-10 · reviewed every 365 days
This is general information, not a diagnosis. A clinical AbilityScore® and any diagnosis are formed only at a Pinnacle Blooms Network centre, under qualified clinician care.
Frequently asked
How is Separation Anxiety Disorder distinguished from normal clinginess?
Normative separation distress is brief, settles with reassurance and is proportionate to developmental stage. The disorder is persistent, excessive, and causes functional impairment across settings such as sleep, schooling and social participation.
Which ICD-11 code applies to Separation Anxiety Disorder?
It is classified under ICD-11 as 6B05, within Anxiety or Fear-Related Disorders. Diagnosis rests on multi-informant history, observation and clinical judgement at a qualified centre.
What are common somatic features in early childhood?
Children may report headache, abdominal pain or nausea on actual or anticipated separation, alongside recurrent separation-themed nightmares and reluctance or refusal to be apart from attachment figures.