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Behaviour Therapy
Explore explanations, everyday questions and next steps connected with behaviour therapy.
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Signs & concerns
What to do if a child isn't yet showing social relationship and reciprocity
If a child isn't yet showing social relationship and reciprocity — shared smiles, eye contact, responding to their name, turn-taking, joint attention — lean into warm, playful, daily connection and arrange a developmental check. This is not a diagnosis but a reason for an early, calm clinical look, because social skills grow best with timely, play-based support.
Read the answer AnswerIf a child isn't yet showing social responsiveness
Social responsiveness — eye contact, shared smiles, turning to a familiar voice — unfolds gradually, and every child has their own timeline. As a caregiver, keep offering warm face-to-face moments, watch the connection over a few weeks, and arrange a calm developmental check if it feels consistently absent for the child's age. This is not a diagnosis — early, gentle support works best.
Read the answer AnswerSupporting a child not yet showing social skills
If a child in your care isn't yet showing social skills like sharing smiles, looking at faces or taking turns, keep encouraging connection through warm everyday play and arrange a developmental check rather than waiting. Social skills grow at very different rates, so this is reason to observe and support early, not a diagnosis. Seek a check sooner if social connection seems consistently absent for the child's age or comes with speech or play delays.
Read the answer AnswerAs a caregiver, what should I do if a child is not yet socialising?
Socialization grows in steps — sharing smiles, taking turns, then playing with others — and many children simply need more time and warm invitations. As a caregiver, observe gently and encourage playful interaction. Seek a developmental check if there is little eye contact or shared joy, no response to name, no pointing, or social play that stays well behind peers, especially alongside communication delays. This is reason to assess early, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerIf a Child Isn't Showing Special Interests Yet
There is no set age by which a child must show a special interest, and many children play broadly without one big passion — that is healthy. Nurture curiosity by following your child's lead and offering varied play. Watch the wider building blocks — engaged play, shared attention, pointing and communication — rather than the absence of a favourite topic. If those broader skills seem delayed, arrange a calm developmental check; early support works best.
Read the answer AnswerIf a child isn't showing stereotyped behaviours yet
If a child in your care isn't yet showing stereotyped behaviours like rocking or hand-flapping, there is nothing to worry about — their absence is not a problem and needs no encouraging. Many children self-soothe in other ways. Focus instead on the whole picture: connection, play, communication and movement. Seek a developmental check only if you notice delays across those everyday milestones, not because a particular repetitive habit hasn't appeared.
Read the answer AnswerWhat to do if a child isn't yet showing task persistence
Short attention spans are normal in young children, and task persistence grows gradually. As a caregiver, build it by offering 'just-right' activities, breaking tasks into small steps, praising effort and reducing distractions. Seek a gentle developmental check — not a diagnosis — if a child abandons almost every activity instantly, becomes very distressed by mild difficulty, or this sits alongside delays in talking, play or following simple steps.
Read the answer AnswerAt what age should a child control aggression?
Aggression control develops gradually, not at one fixed age. Hitting and tantrums peak between 2 and 3 years and ease with guidance; by around 5–6 most children can use words and calm down more often than they lash out. Seek a check if intense aggression persists past age 4–5 or comes with other delays.
Read the answer AnswerAt What Age Should a Child Show Attention to Others?
Children show attention to others from infancy, but by 3 to 5 years you should see clear, sustained social interest — watching others, joining play, responding to name and feelings, and taking turns. Pace varies child to child; a gentle developmental check helps if interest seems consistently low across settings.
Read the answer AnswerChild Behaviour Patterns by Age
Children build more settled, predictable behaviour patterns roughly between 3 and 7 years — following routines, managing feelings and adapting to change with support. Tantrums and limit-testing are normal; seek a screen when behaviour stays far more intense or rigid than peers across settings.
Read the answer AnswerAt What Age Does a Child Develop Behavioural Regulation?
Behavioural regulation grows gradually from age 3 to 7 — from frequent tantrums toward self-calming, waiting and rule-following. Wobbles are normal; persistent, intense difficulty across settings is worth a gentle developmental check.
Read the answer AnswerAt what age should a child manage change resistance?
Resisting change is normal in early childhood, peaking around 2–4 years and easing as flexibility grows between 3 and 7. It is not a milestone to reach but a pattern to observe. Concern arises only when resistance is intense, rigid, and distressing across many settings — then a developmental check helps.
Read the answer AnswerAt What Age Do a Toddler's Characteristics Develop?
Toddler characteristics — movement, language, play, social connection and emotion — emerge gradually between 12 and 36 months, with a wide normal range. There is no single fixed age; steady progress matters more than one milestone. Consider a check if there's no pointing by 12 months, no words by 16 months, no two-word phrases by 24 months, or any loss of skills.
Read the answer AnswerAt what age should a child develop cohesion?
Cohesion — linking words and ideas into a connected whole — is a later language skill, not a toddler milestone. Between 12 and 36 months children build the foundations (single words, two-word phrases, short sentences); true cohesion emerges from around 3 to 5 years. Steady growth in vocabulary now matters most.
Read the answer AnswerAt What Age Should a Child Develop Decision-Making Skills?
Simple decision making begins around age 3, when a child chooses between two clear options. Between 3 and 7 years choices grow richer, weighing rewards, picking activities, and anticipating consequences. It develops gradually alongside attention and impulse control, so everyday small choices are the best way to nurture it.
Read the answer AnswerAt What Age Is Echolalia Expected in a Child?
Echolalia — repeating words or phrases just heard — is a normal, expected stage of language learning, most common between 18 months and 3 years. Most children weave it into original speech by around age 3. It is worth a friendly check only when echoing strongly dominates speech past 3, or when a child shows few other ways of communicating.
Read the answer AnswerAt what age should a child develop emotional awareness?
Emotional awareness emerges gradually between about 3 and 7 years: naming simple feelings by 3, reading others' emotions and showing empathy by 4–5, and understanding mixed feelings by 6–7. It is a wide window, not a deadline, and is nurtured by warm, feeling-naming everyday talk.
Read the answer AnswerAt What Age Should a Child Have Emotional Control?
Emotional control develops gradually between about 3 and 7 years — not at a single age. By 3 a child names basic feelings and seeks comfort; by 5–6 most can pause, recover with help, and use words instead of hitting. Frequent intense meltdowns that don't ease after age 5 are worth a developmental check.
Read the answer AnswerAt What Age Should a Child Develop Emotional Regulation?
Emotional regulation develops gradually, not at one fixed age. Toddlers (2–3) naturally have big meltdowns; by 3–4 many children name feelings and settle with help; by 5–6 most can pause, recover, and use words. Co-regulation with you comes before self-regulation. Watch for regulation far behind peers across settings, frequent intense meltdowns beyond age 4, or distress that disrupts daily life.
Read the answer AnswerAt What Age Should a Child Show Emotional Responsiveness?
Emotional responsiveness grows steadily from birth — there is no single onset age. By 3–7 years most children recognise and name basic feelings, show empathy and begin to manage big emotions with support. Persistent flatness, difficulty being comforted, or little sharing of feelings across settings is worth a gentle developmental check.
Read the answer AnswerAt What Age Should a Child Regulate Their Energy?
Energy regulation — settling, pacing activity, and calming down — develops gradually between ages 3 and 7. High activity with short calm spells is normal at 3; by 6–7 most children can sit, wind down and recover after excitement. Persistent inability to settle across home and school beyond age 5–6 is worth a calm developmental screen.
Read the answer AnswerAt What Age Should a Child Recognise Faces?
Babies prefer faces from birth, recognise a parent's face by 2–3 months, and tell familiar from unfamiliar faces by around 6 months. By 3–7 years, face recognition is well established and the skill grows into reading expressions and emotions — a core part of social awareness.
Read the answer AnswerAt What Age Does a Child Develop Frustration Tolerance?
Frustration tolerance develops gradually from age 3 to 7. Frequent meltdowns at 3 are normal; by 6–7 most children can wait, accept 'no', and keep trying with some support. Big feelings at these ages are expected, not a problem.
Read the answer AnswerAt What Age Should a Child Have Impulse Regulation?
Impulse regulation develops gradually between ages 3 and 7. Toddlers act on the moment; by 4–5 a child waits briefly with reminders; by 6–7 most can pause, follow rules and tolerate short waits. Impulsivity in young children is expected, not a fault — seek a screen only when it is far beyond age and disrupts home and school.
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