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What is the Griffiths Scales of Child Development, 3rd ed. (Griffiths III)?
The Griffiths Scales of Child Development, 3rd edition (Griffiths III) is an internationally used, clinician-administered, play-based assessment for children from birth to around 6 years. It builds a developmental profile across five areas — Foundations of Learning, Language and Communication, Eye and Hand Co-ordination, Personal–Social–Emotional, and Gross Motor. It is not a pass-or-fail test or a diagnosis on its own, but a tool clinicians use to understand a child's strengths and plan support.
Read the answer AnswerWhat Is the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)?
The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) is a clinician-administered, observational assessment of large-muscle movement — lying and rolling, sitting, crawling and kneeling, standing, and walking, running and jumping. Used most often with children who have cerebral palsy and other motor conditions, it maps what a child can do today and is especially valued for measuring progress over time. It is play-based and child-friendly, never a test a child can pass or fail.
Read the answer AnswerICD-11 Classification of ADHD (6A05)
In ICD-11-MMS, ADHD is classified under code 6A05 within Neurodevelopmental disorders, replacing the ICD-10 F90 hyperkinetic disorders category. It resolves into inattentive (6A05.0), hyperactive-impulsive (6A05.1), combined (6A05.2) and unspecified (6A05.Z) presentations, defined by cross-situational, developmentally excessive, impairing symptoms.
Read the answer AnswerICD-11 Classification for Attachment Difficulties (6B44)
In ICD-11-MMS, attachment difficulties are classified as 6B44 Reactive attachment disorder, within disorders specifically associated with stress. It describes grossly abnormal attachment behaviour in early childhood arising from pathogenic care, distinct from 6B45 Disinhibited social engagement disorder and from autism spectrum disorder.
Read the answer AnswerICD-11 Classification for Auditory Processing Difficulties
ICD-11 has no dedicated standalone code for Auditory Processing Disorder; it is a functional descriptor coded through the Diseases of the auditory system chapter when pathology is present, supplemented by ICF functioning descriptors. Classification rests on the audiological and developmental profile, not the label alone.
Read the answer AnswerWhat is the ICD-11 classification for Autism Spectrum?
In ICD-11-MMS, Autism spectrum disorder is coded 6A02 within neurodevelopmental disorders, defined by persistent reciprocal social-communication deficits plus restricted, repetitive behaviours with developmental-period onset. ICD-11 replaces older subtypes with a single dimensional spectrum, using specifiers for intellectual development and functional language.
Read the answer AnswerICD-11 Classification for Cerebral Palsy (8D20)
In ICD-11-MMS, Cerebral Palsy is coded 8D20, a group of permanent, non-progressive disorders of movement and posture due to a disturbance in the developing brain. Subtypes include spastic, dyskinetic and ataxic forms. Pair ICD-11 coding with a WHO ICF functioning profile to drive the therapy plan.
Read the answer AnswerWhat is the ICD-11 classification for Childhood Anxiety?
In ICD-11-MMS, 6B0Z is 'Anxiety or fear-related disorders, unspecified' — a residual code within the 6B0 grouping. ICD-11 has no standalone paediatric anxiety block; childhood anxiety is coded using specific entities such as separation anxiety disorder (6B05) applied with developmental judgement, reserving 6B0Z for documented but not-yet-specifiable presentations.
Read the answer AnswerICD-11 Classification of Childhood Apraxia of Speech
In ICD-11-MMS, Childhood Apraxia of Speech is classified under 6A01.0 Developmental speech sound disorder, the motor-planning subtype within Developmental speech or language disorders (6A01). It reflects impaired planning and sequencing of articulatory movements, distinct from phonological disorder and dysarthria.
Read the answer AnswerICD-11 Classification for Childhood Epilepsy (8A6Z)
In ICD-11-MMS, 8A6Z is 'Epilepsy or seizures, unspecified' — the residual code within the epilepsy block (8A60–8A6Z) under diseases of the nervous system. For childhood epilepsy, code to the most specific syndrome, seizure type and aetiology available; 8A6Z applies only when documentation is insufficient. Epilepsy is a medical-urgency condition requiring prompt paediatric-neurology referral.
Read the answer AnswerICD-11 Classification of Childhood Sleep Difficulties
In ICD-11, childhood sleep difficulties are classified under Chapter 07 — Sleep-wake disorders (7A00–7B2Z), a dedicated chapter. Paediatric presentations map mainly to insomnia disorders (7A00–7A0Z), circadian rhythm disorders (7A60–7A6Z) and parasomnias (7B00–7B2Z). Post-coordination links sleep codes to comorbid conditions.
Read the answer AnswerICD-11 Classification of Conduct-Dissocial Disorder (6C91)
ICD-11 (MMS) classifies Conduct-Dissocial Disorder as 6C91, within the grouping 6C9 Disruptive behaviour or dissocial disorders, under Mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders. It denotes a persistent pattern violating others' rights or major societal norms, with onset, course and limited-prosocial-emotions qualifiers.
Read the answer AnswerICD-11 Classification of Developmental Coordination Disorder (6A04)
In ICD-11-MMS, Developmental Coordination Disorder is coded 6A04 (Developmental motor coordination disorder), within the Neurodevelopmental disorders block. It denotes motor skill acquisition and execution markedly below age expectation, with early onset and functional impact, not explained by a neurological, sensory or intellectual condition.
Read the answer AnswerICD-11 Classification for Developmental Language Disorder
In ICD-11-MMS, Developmental Language Disorder is coded 6A01.2, within 6A01 Developmental speech or language disorders under the Neurodevelopmental disorders block. It marks persistent language difficulties arising in the developmental period, below age expectations, not explained by sensory, neurological or intellectual causes.
Read the answer AnswerWhat is the ICD-11 classification for Developmental Regression?
Developmental regression is not a single ICD-11 diagnosis but a functional descriptor — the loss of previously acquired skills. ICD-11 records it as a symptom/finding and attributes it to an underlying condition (e.g. Disorders of Intellectual Development 6A00, Autism Spectrum Disorder 6A02, or a neurological/metabolic aetiology), which carries the primary code.
Read the answer AnswerWhat is the ICD-11 classification for Developmental Trauma?
Developmental trauma is not a standalone ICD-11 diagnosis; it is a descriptor concept that maps onto existing entities, most closely Complex PTSD (6B41) under disorders specifically associated with stress, with attachment, mood and anxiety codes applied by presentation. The ICF framework best captures its developmental functional impact.
Read the answer AnswerICD-11 Classification for Down Syndrome (LD40.0)
In ICD-11-MMS, Down syndrome is coded LD40.0 (Trisomy 21) under the parent LD40 Down syndrome, in the developmental anomalies chapter. The code names the chromosomal aetiology; associated intellectual, cardiac, hearing and thyroid features are coded alongside, with care driven by functioning rather than the label.
Read the answer AnswerICD-11 Classification of Dyscalculia (6A03.2)
In ICD-11-MMS, Dyscalculia is coded 6A03.2 — Developmental learning disorder with impairment in mathematics — under the parent category 6A03 within neurodevelopmental disorders. It denotes persistent, significant difficulty acquiring mathematical skills not explained by intellectual disability, sensory or neurological impairment, or inadequate schooling.
Read the answer AnswerICD-11 Classification of Dysgraphia (6A03.1)
In ICD-11-MMS, dysgraphia is classified under 6A03 Developmental learning disorder as 6A03.1 — developmental learning disorder with impairment in written expression: persistent, age-disproportionate difficulty with spelling, grammar, punctuation and written organisation, not explained by intellectual, sensory, neurological or instructional factors.
Read the answer AnswerICD-11 Classification for Dyslexia (Reading Impairment)
In ICD-11-MMS, Dyslexia is coded 6A03.0 — Developmental learning disorder with impairment in reading, under the parent category 6A03. It denotes persistent, significant difficulty with reading accuracy, fluency and comprehension below age and ability expectation, not explained by intellectual disability, sensory impairment or inadequate schooling.
Read the answer AnswerICD-11 classification for Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties
"Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties" is a functional/educational descriptor, not a single ICD-11 code. In ICD-11 the presentations map onto Chapter 06 entities — chiefly Disruptive behaviour or dissocial disorders (6C90–6C91) and Anxiety or fear-related disorders (6B00–6B0Z) — with coding driven by the predominant clinical picture, paired with the ICF for functioning.
Read the answer AnswerICD-11 Classification for Feeding & Eating Difficulties (6B8Z)
In ICD-11-MMS, 6B8Z is the residual code 'Feeding or eating disorders, unspecified', within the Feeding or eating disorders block (6B8). It applies to clinically significant but incompletely characterised presentations; many paediatric feeding cases map better to ARFID (6B83). Diagnosis is formed only at a Pinnacle centre under clinician care.
Read the answer AnswerICD-11 Classification for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
In ICD-11-MMS, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder is classified under code LD2F.00, within the developmental anomalies attributable to prenatal substance exposure. It captures the neurodevelopmental, growth and (in some cases) physical effects of prenatal alcohol exposure as a spectrum. The code establishes the category; a clinician-led functional profile drives the support plan.
Read the answer AnswerWhat is the ICD-11 classification for Fine Motor Delay?
ICD-11 has no standalone "Fine Motor Delay" code. It is a functional descriptor: persistent fine motor coordination difficulty is coded as 6A04 Developmental motor coordination disorder; when part of multi-domain delay under 5, as LD16.4 Global developmental delay; or to the primary condition (e.g. cerebral palsy). Functional impact is profiled via the WHO ICF.
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