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Signs & concerns
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Signs & concerns
What to do if a child isn't showing social reciprocity
If a child in your care isn't yet showing social reciprocity — shared smiles, turn-taking, pointing, responding to their name — the best response is warm, frequent, playful invitations to connect, and a calm developmental check if it continues or comes with other delays. Follow the child's lead, get face-to-face, pause and wait for any response, and reward it warmly. This is not a diagnosis but a reason for an early, gentle clinical look, because play-based support works best.
Read the answer AnswerIf a child isn't showing social referencing yet
Social referencing — when a child glances at a trusted adult to read whether a new situation is safe — usually emerges around 8–12 months. If a child isn't yet doing this, it's not a diagnosis but a gentle signal to offer more face-to-face shared moments and arrange a developmental check, especially if it travels with little eye contact, no pointing, no response to name or few words. Early support works best.
Read the answer AnswerWhat to do if a child isn't yet showing social relationship and reciprocity
If a child isn't yet showing social relationship and reciprocity — shared smiles, eye contact, responding to their name, turn-taking, joint attention — lean into warm, playful, daily connection and arrange a developmental check. This is not a diagnosis but a reason for an early, calm clinical look, because social skills grow best with timely, play-based support.
Read the answer AnswerIf a child isn't yet showing social responsiveness
Social responsiveness — eye contact, shared smiles, turning to a familiar voice — unfolds gradually, and every child has their own timeline. As a caregiver, keep offering warm face-to-face moments, watch the connection over a few weeks, and arrange a calm developmental check if it feels consistently absent for the child's age. This is not a diagnosis — early, gentle support works best.
Read the answer AnswerIf a child isn't yet sharing: a caregiver's guide
Sharing is a skill that develops gradually, usually from around age two and maturing through the preschool years — so a young child not yet sharing is very often typical. Caregivers help most by modelling, narrating and gently practising turn-taking. Seek a calm developmental check only if difficulty sharing travels with wider differences in talking, connecting or playing. This is reason to observe early, never a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerSupporting a child not yet showing social skills
If a child in your care isn't yet showing social skills like sharing smiles, looking at faces or taking turns, keep encouraging connection through warm everyday play and arrange a developmental check rather than waiting. Social skills grow at very different rates, so this is reason to observe and support early, not a diagnosis. Seek a check sooner if social connection seems consistently absent for the child's age or comes with speech or play delays.
Read the answer AnswerWhen a child isn't yet showing social understanding
Social understanding grows step by step, and every child builds it at their own pace. If a child in your care isn't yet showing it, the kindest steps are warm, playful, face-to-face interaction plus a calm developmental check — not worry. Watch for little eye contact, not responding to their name, little interest in other children, or loss of a social skill. This is a reason to assess early, never a diagnosis, because early support works best.
Read the answer AnswerAs a caregiver, what should I do if a child is not yet socialising?
Socialization grows in steps — sharing smiles, taking turns, then playing with others — and many children simply need more time and warm invitations. As a caregiver, observe gently and encourage playful interaction. Seek a developmental check if there is little eye contact or shared joy, no response to name, no pointing, or social play that stays well behind peers, especially alongside communication delays. This is reason to assess early, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerChild Not Yet Sorting & Categorising — A Caregiver's Guide
Sorting and categorising usually emerges gradually between about 18 months and 3 years and varies widely between children. Keep offering playful chances to match, group and name everyday objects. Seek a gentle developmental check if the skill seems far behind same-age peers or arrives with delays in talking, understanding or play — this is a reason to assess early, not a diagnosis, because early playful support works best.
Read the answer AnswerIf a child isn't yet making sounds: a caregiver's guide
Sound production — cooing, babbling and early consonants — builds gradually across the first two years. If a child isn't yet making sounds, keep talking, singing and responding warmly, watch how they react to your voice, and arrange a developmental check if babble is absent, fading, or paired with no response to sound. A hearing check is a sensible early step. This is reason to look early, not a diagnosis — early support works beautifully.
Read the answer AnswerWhen a child isn't yet showing spatial concepts
Spatial words like in, on, under and between develop gradually between roughly 2 and 5 years, with harder ones mastered nearer 4–5. If these words are the only gap and everything else is growing, play and rich everyday talk are usually all that's needed. Seek a developmental check if the child follows few directions of any kind, has very limited vocabulary, or seems behind across several areas — this means a clinician's gentle look is wise, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerWhen a child isn't yet showing spatial reasoning
Spatial reasoning — understanding shapes, fit and position — develops at its own pace. If a child isn't yet stacking, posting shapes, doing puzzles or following position words like under and behind, add more spatial play to daily life and, if unease lingers, arrange a developmental check. Watch for spatial play that stays well behind peers, doesn't improve with practice, or sits within wider delays. This opens opportunities — it is never a diagnosis, and early playful support works well.
Read the answer AnswerIf a Child Isn't Showing Special Interests Yet
There is no set age by which a child must show a special interest, and many children play broadly without one big passion — that is healthy. Nurture curiosity by following your child's lead and offering varied play. Watch the wider building blocks — engaged play, shared attention, pointing and communication — rather than the absence of a favourite topic. If those broader skills seem delayed, arrange a calm developmental check; early support works best.
Read the answer AnswerWhen a child's speech isn't yet clear: a caregiver's guide
Some unclear speech is normal as children learn sounds: a familiar listener understands about half a 2-year-old's speech, three-quarters at 3, and most strangers understand easily by 4. Caregivers help by talking warmly, facing the child, giving time, modelling correct words and reading together. Arrange a speech and hearing check if a child is much harder to understand than peers, has few or stalling words, or gets frustrated — this is early support, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerWhat to Do When a Child Isn't Yet Communicating
If a child in your care isn't yet babbling, gesturing, responding to their name or using expected words, the best step is a calm developmental check rather than waiting. Communication grows in many ways before speech — eye contact, pointing, shared smiles — so observe these closely and share what you see with a qualified clinician. Early, play-based support works wonderfully, and seeking it is never an over-reaction.
Read the answer AnswerIf a Child Isn't Sprinting Yet: A Caregiver's Guide
Sprinting — fast running with a flight phase and coordinated arms — is an advanced gross-motor skill that matures in the preschool-to-early-school years, not toddlerhood. If a child runs and plays well but isn't yet sprinting, that is usually normal variation. Seek a developmental check if they aren't walking or running by the expected ages, fall frequently, tire very fast, show asymmetry, or have lost a movement skill. This is reason to observe early, never a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerSquatting Balance: A Caregiver's Guide
If a child in your care isn't yet showing squatting balance, make safe space for floor play and offer lots of practice reaching down and standing up. Squatting builds leg, hip and core strength through everyday play. Watch the wider picture — if several motor milestones lag together, or there's stiffness, floppiness or loss of a skill, arrange a calm developmental check. This is a reason to support early, not to worry.
Read the answer AnswerMy Child Isn't Climbing Stairs Yet: What to Do
Most children climb stairs with help around 14–18 months and more independently by about 2 years, usually after steady walking and balance. If a child in your care isn't yet climbing, offer safe supervised practice, keep stair gates in place, and look at the whole motor picture. Arrange a developmental check if stair climbing is delayed alongside walking, balance or other skills — this is a reason to observe and support, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerChild Not Yet Standing? A Caregiver's Guide
Standing balance usually emerges between 9 and 14 months, beginning with pulling to stand and cruising before standing alone. If a child isn't yet standing steadily, it's rarely alarming on its own, but a calm developmental check is wise — especially if it comes with stiffness, floppiness, loss of a skill, or other delays. Standing balance draws on core strength, leg control, vision and inner-ear balance, and a physiotherapist can pinpoint and support any gap through playful practice. Early support works beautifully at this age.
Read the answer AnswerIf a child isn't yet showing static balance
Static balance — holding the body steady while standing or sitting still — develops gradually as core strength, vision and the inner ear mature. If a child isn't yet steady, keep offering safe, playful practice and note what you see. Seek a developmental check if the child is well past the age peers manage it, is slipping backwards, or shows balance trouble alongside delays in sitting, walking or other movement. This is an early look, never a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerIf a child isn't showing stereotyped behaviours yet
If a child in your care isn't yet showing stereotyped behaviours like rocking or hand-flapping, there is nothing to worry about — their absence is not a problem and needs no encouraging. Many children self-soothe in other ways. Focus instead on the whole picture: connection, play, communication and movement. Seek a developmental check only if you notice delays across those everyday milestones, not because a particular repetitive habit hasn't appeared.
Read the answer AnswerWhat to do if a child isn't yet showing story recall
Not yet retelling stories is usually a normal point on a wide path — children join in, follow along and borrow words before they retell whole tales. Keep reading and talking together daily and watch how the child engages. Seek a developmental check if there is little interest in shared books, trouble following simple talk, very few words for their age, or loss of a skill. This is not a diagnosis — early support works best.
Read the answer AnswerAs a caregiver, what should I do if a child isn't yet showing storytelling skills?
Storytelling is a later-arriving skill that builds on vocabulary, memory and imagination, usually blossoming between 3 and 5 years. A child not yet narrating events may simply be on an earlier stage, especially if everyday talking and understanding are growing. Enrich story moments through shared reading and pretend play at home, and arrange a developmental check if other language milestones also seem behind — this is reason to look early, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerIf a child isn't yet seeking support
Seeking and accepting support — looking to a trusted adult, reaching out, sharing a problem, being comforted — grows over the early years through warm, responsive relationships. If a child isn't yet turning to people for help, observe calmly, offer warm everyday invitations to connect, and arrange a developmental check if the pattern persists or comes with delays in talking, play or social connection. This is not a diagnosis but a chance to offer the right support early, when it helps most.
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