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Early Signs
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Signs & concerns
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Signs & concerns
Early Signs of Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties During a Home Visit
During a home visit, watch for emotional and behavioural patterns that are more intense, longer-lasting, or earlier than expected for age, and that appear across more than one setting. These signal a gentle referral, never a diagnosis. Persistent parental worry is itself an important early indicator.
Read the answer AnswerWhat early signs of Feeding & Eating Difficulties should a frontline health worker look for during a home visit?
On a home visit, watch for feeds over 30–40 minutes, coughing or choking with feeds, refusal or arching, eating only a few foods, gagging on textures, stressful mealtimes and poor weight gain. Breathing distress or weight loss needs prompt medical review; persistent difficulty warrants a developmental and feeding assessment.
Read the answer AnswerEarly signs of FASD on a home visit
On a home visit, look for clusters rather than one sign: low birth weight or growth faltering, poor feeding and weak suck, small head size, subtle facial features (smooth philtrum, thin upper lip), irritability or poor sleep, and developmental delays — alongside any history of alcohol use in pregnancy, asked sensitively. Route clusters to the PHC medical officer; FASD is confirmed only by clinical assessment.
Read the answer AnswerEarly signs of Fine Motor Delay for frontline health workers
On a home visit, watch how the child uses hands for their age: reaching and grasping in infancy, then pincer grasp, stacking, scribbling and self-feeding. A clear lag behind age-expected hand skills, or any loss of a skill, warrants a developmental check — you screen, a clinician confirms.
Read the answer AnswerEarly signs of genetic & chromosomal syndromes on a home visit
On a home visit, look for clusters of signs rather than one alone — low muscle tone, feeding difficulty, distinctive facial features, slow growth, delayed milestones, or a worried parent. You are not diagnosing; you are noticing a pattern and routing the family to a doctor for examination and early intervention.
Read the answer AnswerEarly signs of Global Developmental Delay on a home visit
On a home visit, screen for Global Developmental Delay using the RBSK 4 Ds — delay or difficulty across movement, speech, social skills and daily thinking. Refer promptly when a child is behind in two or more areas, or has lost any skill once held, alongside a hearing and vision check.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Gross Motor Delay for Frontline Health Workers
Refer a child for gross motor assessment when they miss movement milestones for their age — no steady head control by 4 months, not sitting by 9 months, not standing or walking with support by 18 months — or show floppiness, stiffness, one-sided weakness or loss of a skill. Frontline observation and parent concern are what get a child seen in time.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Hearing Impairment on Home Visits
On a home visit, refer any baby who doesn't startle to loud sound, doesn't turn to a voice, has absent or fading babble, or doesn't respond to their name. Family concern about hearing is itself a strong signal. Don't wait — hearing loss found early is far easier to support, and only a clinician confirms it.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Hypotonia (Low Muscle Tone) on a Home Visit
On a home visit, watch for a baby who feels floppy or limp, has poor head control, slips through your hands when lifted, has a weak suck or feeding difficulty, and lags on motor milestones. These are early signs of hypotonia — a reason to refer for a developmental check, not to diagnose.
Read the answer AnswerWhat early signs of Intellectual Disability should a frontline health worker look for during a home visit?
On a home visit, look for a child consistently slower than peers across several areas at once — motor milestones, babble and words, understanding instructions, play and self-help. Intellectual development disorder (ICD-11 6A00) is suspected when delay is broad and persistent, not a single skill. You don't diagnose — you spot the pattern and route promptly to a developmental check.
Read the answer AnswerWhat early signs of Motor Planning Difficulties should a frontline health worker look for during a home visit?
Motor planning difficulties show as a child struggling to figure out and carry out new movements despite normal strength — clumsiness, late milestones, trouble copying actions, and difficulty with buttons or cutlery. A persistent cluster across tasks warrants referral; only a clinician can confirm.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of a Non-Verbal or Minimally Verbal Child
During a home visit, watch how a child communicates beyond speech — pointing, gestures, eye contact, response to name — not just word count. Few or no words by the expected age with limited gesture, or any loss of skills, warrants referral for a developmental check and a parallel hearing test. A clinician confirms; the frontline worker's job is timely referral.
Read the answer AnswerEarly signs of Oppositional Defiant Disorder on a home visit
On a home visit, look for a persistent pattern (6+ months) of angry/irritable mood, argumentative defiance and occasional spitefulness that is frequent for the child's age, shows across settings, and strains family or school life — not ordinary toddler testing. Screen and refer; only a clinician can diagnose.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Persistent Toe-Walking on a Home Visit
On a home visit, watch for a child over age 2 who walks on toes or balls of the feet most of the time, on both legs, with tight calves or heels that can't reach the floor. Occasional toe-walking in new walkers is normal; persistent toe-walking — or toe-walking with speech, social, stiffness or weakness concerns — warrants a developmental and medical check.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Prematurity-Related Developmental Risk on a Home Visit
Born-preterm babies face higher developmental risk, so during a home visit track milestones by corrected age, watch feeding and growth, and note unusual stiffness or floppiness. These are watch-and-monitor signs — persistent concern warrants a prompt developmental check, not waiting.
Read the answer AnswerEarly signs of Rett Syndrome for frontline health workers
Watch for regression in a baby girl who was developing normally — loss of purposeful hand use and babble after 6–18 months, repetitive hand-wringing or washing movements, slowing head growth, and breathing irregularities. Any loss of acquired skills needs prompt medical referral; only a clinician can confirm.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of a School Readiness Gap on a Home Visit
During a home visit, look for clusters of difficulty in a child near school age — trouble following simple instructions, unclear speech, very short attention, little pretend play, no pencil control, and difficulty playing with others or managing self-care. These point to a school readiness gap and warrant a developmental check, not a label.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Selective Mutism on a Home Visit
On a home visit, look for a child who speaks freely with family but consistently cannot speak to you — freezing, whispering or going silent — with the pattern lasting beyond a month and affecting school or friendships. It is anxiety-based, not shyness or hearing loss; refer when the pattern is clear.
Read the answer AnswerEarly signs of self-regulation difficulties on a home visit
On a home visit, watch for a child who melts down intensely and recovers slowly, is very hard to soothe, can't settle their body or attention, reacts strongly to everyday sensations, and a parent who feels drained. Persistent cross-setting patterns deserve a gentle developmental check — only a clinician can assess, never a doorstep label.
Read the answer AnswerEarly signs of Sensory-Based Feeding Selectivity at a home visit
Flag a child for assessment when food refusal is persistent and narrowing: very few accepted foods, refusal of whole textures or groups, gagging or distress at new foods, and any concern about growth. These are early signs of Sensory-Based Feeding Selectivity worth a developmental check — only a clinician can confirm the cause.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Sensory Processing Differences on a Home Visit
During a home visit, look for a child who is consistently over- or under-responsive to everyday sounds, textures, light or movement — or who constantly seeks intense sensory input — in ways that disrupt feeding, sleep, dressing or play. Note patterns across more than one setting, suggest a hearing and vision check, and route the family for a developmental check. These are observations, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerEarly signs of Separation Anxiety Disorder on a home visit
Separation Anxiety Disorder shows as fear of being apart from a caregiver that is far stronger and longer-lasting than usual for the child's age — intense clinging, sleep refusal, worry about harm to parents, and unexplained tummy aches before separations. Refer for a developmental check when distress is severe, lasts beyond about four weeks, and disrupts sleep, school or family life.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Social Communication Difficulties on a Home Visit
During a home visit, watch for a child who has words but struggles to use them socially — poor conversational turn-taking, literal understanding, trouble reading tone and body language, and language that doesn't adjust to the listener. These point to Social Communication Difficulties (ICD-11 6A01.22) when they persist across settings and aren't explained by hearing loss or general delay. Screen and refer; only a clinician confirms.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Specific Learning Disability on a Home Visit
On a home visit you cannot diagnose Specific Learning Disability — it is usually confirmed only after schooling begins (age 6–8). Note early markers in talking, pre-literacy and pre-number skills, plus persistent parent or teacher concern, rule out hearing and vision, and refer a cluster of signs for developmental assessment.
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