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Speech Therapy
Explore explanations, everyday questions and next steps connected with speech therapy.
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Signs & concerns
Early Signs of Selective Mutism in a 4-Year-Old Girl
Selective mutism in a 4-year-old shows as consistent, settling-aside silence in specific settings (preschool, unfamiliar adults) while she talks freely at home. It is anxiety-based, not shyness or defiance, and is meaningful when it lasts beyond a month of starting school and affects learning or friendships. Only a clinician can confirm.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Selective Mutism in Boys
Selective Mutism is when a boy speaks freely at home but consistently cannot speak in settings like school, despite wanting to. It is anxiety-based, not shyness or defiance, and early signs — freezing, silence lasting over a month, communicating by gesture — usually appear at ages 3 to 6. Early, gentle support helps most children find their voice.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Selective Mutism in Girls
Selective Mutism shows as a consistent inability to speak in certain settings (often school) while speaking freely at home, lasting beyond a month. In girls it is easily missed as 'shyness' or good behaviour — watch for a frozen look, communicating by nodding or whispering, and avoidance of speaking situations. It is anxiety, not choice; only a clinician can confirm.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Selective Mutism in Young Children
Selective Mutism is an anxiety-based pattern where a child speaks easily at home but consistently cannot speak in settings like school for over a month. Early signs include freezing or staying silent with unfamiliar people, communicating by gesture or whisper, and visible tension when expected to speak — while speaking warmly in trusted settings.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Speech and Language Delay
Early signs of speech and language delay include little or no babbling and few gestures by 12 months, no single words by 16 months, fewer than ~50 words or no two-word phrases by 24 months, and weak understanding of simple instructions. Any loss of words is an urgent check. A hearing check comes first, and many late talkers catch up with early support.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Speech and Language Delay in a 1-Year-Old Boy
At 12 months, speech is still emerging, so we watch the building blocks: babbling with consonants, gestures like waving or pointing, turning to his name, and back-and-forth sound play. Missing these is a flag to check, not a diagnosis — and a hearing check comes first, because hearing is the foundation of speech.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Speech & Language Delay in a 1-Year-Old Girl
At 12 months, watch for little or no babbling, no gestures like waving or pointing, not responding to her name or familiar sounds, and no attempt at first words. A pattern across several signs — or any loss of skills — is a reason for a gentle developmental and hearing check, not alarm. Only a clinician can assess; many one-year-olds bloom on their own timeline.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Speech & Language Delay (12–18 Months)
By 12–18 months most toddlers babble with intent, use a few first words, point to share, and follow a simple request. Gentle flags worth a screen include no babbling or gesture by 12 months, no single words by ~15–16 months, not responding to their name, or any loss of words — reasons to observe and screen, never to diagnose.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Speech and Language Delay at 18–24 Months
By 18–24 months most toddlers understand a lot, gain new words steadily, and begin joining two words. Early signs of speech and language delay include very few words, little gesture, not following simple instructions, or losing words once used — reasons for a friendly developmental check, not alarm, since early support works very well at this age.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Speech and Language Delay in a 2-Year-Old
By 24 months, many toddlers use around 50+ words and join two words together. Early signs of speech and language delay include few clear words, no two-word phrases, trouble following simple instructions, and little pointing or gesturing. Start with a hearing check and a friendly developmental screen — many children flourish with early support.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Speech & Language Delay in a 2-Year-Old Boy
By age 2, most boys use about 50 words and join two together. Early signs of speech and language delay include fewer than 50 words, no two-word phrases, speech family can't understand, or rarely pointing and following simple instructions. Start with a hearing test — and remember bilingualism doesn't cause delay.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Speech and Language Delay in a 2-Year-Old Girl
By age two, most girls use ~50+ words and begin two-word phrases. Watch for very few words, no pointing or gesturing, trouble following simple instructions, or unclear speech. It's common and very treatable with early support — book a hearing check and developmental screen rather than waiting; only a clinician can confirm.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Speech and Language Delay in a 3-to-6-Month-Old
At 3–6 months a speech and language delay cannot yet be diagnosed, because words are not expected this early. Watch the building blocks instead — cooing, babble by 6 months, social smiles, and turning to sound. The main concern is hearing: if your baby does not startle or turn to sound, makes very few sounds, or loses a skill, arrange a hearing and developmental check rather than waiting.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Speech and Language Delay in a 3-Year-Old
By 3, most children use 2–3 word phrases, are understood by family most of the time, and follow simple instructions. Early signs of speech and language delay include very few words, no short phrases, unclear speech, and trouble understanding directions — a cue to arrange a hearing check and developmental screen, not to diagnose.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Speech and Language Delay in a 3-Year-Old Boy
At three, watch for very few words, no 2–3 word phrases, speech strangers can't understand, and trouble following simple instructions. Delay is common and treatable — a hearing check and speech and language assessment are the sensible next steps, never a cause for alarm.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Speech and Language Delay in a 3-Year-Old Girl
By three, most girls speak in short two- to three-word phrases and are understood by family much of the time. Signs worth a check include mostly single words, a small vocabulary, hard-to-understand speech, trouble following two-step instructions, or understanding far more than she can say. Many late talkers catch up — a screen simply brings clarity, and a hearing check should come first.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Speech and Language Delay in a 4-Year-Old
By 4, watch for speech strangers can't understand, very short sentences, a small vocabulary, and trouble following simple two-step instructions or answering basic questions. These are signs worth a prompt check — not a diagnosis. A hearing test is a sensible first step, and only a qualified clinician can confirm a speech and language delay.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Speech and Language Delay in a 4-Year-Old Boy
By four, most boys speak in four-word sentences and are understood by strangers most of the time. Early signs of delay include unclear or very short speech, trouble following two-step instructions, and a small vocabulary. These signs are common, very responsive to support, and worth a friendly screen — they say nothing about how bright your son is.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Speech & Language Delay in a 4-Year-Old Girl
By four, most girls speak in clear sentences strangers understand, ask questions and tell simple stories. Early signs of speech and language delay include unclear speech, very short sentences, trouble following two-step instructions, and a small vocabulary. Start with a hearing check and a speech-language screen — early support at four works beautifully.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Speech and Language Delay in a 5-Year-Old
By five, most children speak in clear, full sentences strangers can understand. Early signs of speech and language delay include unclear speech, very short or jumbled sentences, trouble following multi-step instructions, and difficulty answering simple questions — always with a hearing check. These signs warrant a check, not a home diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Speech and Language Delay in a 6-to-9-Month-Old
At 6-to-9 months speech hasn't started yet, so watch the building blocks: babbling, responding to sound and voice, eye contact and back-and-forth sound play. Gentle signs to note are no babbling, not reacting to sounds, little eye contact, or loss of earlier sounds — a hearing check comes first, and only a clinician can assess.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Speech and Language Delay in a 6-Year-Old
By six, look for speech strangers struggle to understand, jumbled or short sentences, word-finding difficulty, trouble following multi-step instructions, and difficulty retelling a story. If several signs persist across home and school, arrange a speech-language check plus a hearing test — early support works well, and only a clinician can confirm.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Speech and Language Delay in a 9-to-12-Month-Old
At 9–12 months, language shows as babbling, gestures and shared attention, not words. Watch for little or no babbling, no response to name, no pointing or waving, and limited eye contact — gentle reasons for an early developmental and hearing check, not for panic.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Speech and Language Delay in a Newborn
A newborn cannot show a speech and language delay — words are not expected yet. At 0–3 months, watch instead for hearing and early communication readiness: startling to sound, calming to a familiar voice, cooing, and beginning eye contact. The most useful early check is newborn hearing screening, since hearing is the foundation of speech.
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