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Book Assessment
Explore explanations, everyday questions and next steps connected with book assessment.
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Signs & concerns
Supporting a Child's Executive Functioning
Executive functioning — planning, remembering, waiting, switching tasks, impulse control — develops slowly from toddlerhood through the teens, so forgetfulness or distractibility is often typical for a child's age. Support it through predictable routines, small steps, visual reminders and play. Seek a developmental check if difficulties are clearly beyond your child's age, persistent across settings, and getting in the way of learning, friendships or daily life. This is reason to assess early, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerIf a Child in Your Care Is Not Yet Making Eye Contact
Eye contact develops gradually and varies between children. As a caregiver, keep offering warm, playful face-to-face connection, and arrange a gentle developmental check if a child consistently does not seek eye contact — especially alongside little response to their name, few shared smiles, or delays in babble or gestures. This is not a diagnosis; it is a reason to look early, because support works best when started young.
Read the answer AnswerWhen a child isn't yet showing family values
Family values like sharing, honesty and kindness are learned slowly over years through warm relationships, modelling and repetition — not switches that turn on at a set age. A young child not yet showing them is almost always developing normally. As a caregiver, model the values, name them when you see them, and practise gently. Only consider a developmental check if a child also shows little interest in connecting with others, struggles with feelings, or has communication delays.
Read the answer AnswerCaregiver guide: child not yet showing fine motor skills
Fine motor skills develop across a wide range, so a child arriving at hand-and-finger steps on their own timeline is common. As a caregiver, offer rich hands-on play, watch how the child uses their hands daily, and arrange a calm developmental check if concerns linger. This is reason to observe early, not a diagnosis — early support works best.
Read the answer AnswerWhat to do if a child isn't yet showing fluid reasoning
Fluid reasoning is a child's ability to spot patterns and solve new problems without being taught the answer — and it develops at very different paces. Support it at home through open-ended, guided play: offer puzzles and blocks, pause before helping, and celebrate effort. Seek a gentle developmental check if problem-solving seems well behind same-age children or comes with delays in talking, attention, social connection or motor skills. This is not a diagnosis — it's the right moment to look closely, because early support works best.
Read the answer AnswerChild Not Yet Following Directions — Caregiver Guide
If a child isn't yet following directions, keep instructions short, clear and paired with gestures, and watch how they respond over the coming weeks. Many children understand more when words are simple and visual. Seek a developmental and hearing check if simple one-step requests aren't followed even with gestures, if the child doesn't turn to their name, or if there are few words — this is reason to assess early, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerWhat to do if a child isn't yet showing foot control
Foot control — pushing, balancing, standing and stepping — develops gradually with wide, healthy variation. If a child isn't yet showing expected foot use, keep offering movement play, note what you observe, and arrange a gentle developmental check rather than waiting. Seek a clinician's eye for stiffness or floppiness, strong one-sided preference, persistent toe-walking, not bearing weight by an expected age, or delays travelling alongside. This is early support, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerIf a Child Isn't Yet Seeking Friendships
Friendship seeking builds on earlier stages — watching, playing alongside, then sharing and turn-taking. If a child in your care isn't yet seeking friends, support social play, observe how they connect overall, and arrange a developmental check if you also notice delays in talking, joint play, eye contact or shared enjoyment. This is a reason to look closely and support early, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerHelping a child who isn't yet showing friendship skills
Friendship skills — sharing, turn-taking, joining play, reading feelings — develop gradually, and many children simply need more time, more chances to practise, and gentle coaching. Caregivers can help by modelling warm interactions, arranging short low-pressure playdates, and narrating feelings during play. Seek a calm developmental check if the difficulty is persistent or distressing, or travels with delays in language or understanding others — not as a worry, but as early opportunity.
Read the answer AnswerWhat to do if a child isn't understanding game rules
Understanding game rules blends language, memory, attention, social awareness and impulse control, and matures gradually across the early years. If a child isn't there yet, keep playing short turn-taking games daily and watch how the skill grows over a few months. Seek a developmental check if rule-play lags well behind same-age peers, shows no growth despite practice, or comes with delays in talking, attention or social connection — this is reason to assess early, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerWhat to do if a child isn't yet showing general knowledge
General knowledge — recognising everyday things, people and how the world works — grows through rich, repeated daily experiences, language and play. If a child isn't showing it yet, first enrich their everyday exposure and gently observe. Seek a developmental check if it travels with delays in talking, understanding instructions or play. This is a reason to assess early, never a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerGross motor concerns: what a caregiver should do
Gross motor skills are big movements like sitting, crawling and walking. If a child isn't showing the movements expected for their age, arrange a calm developmental check rather than waiting. Watch for not steadying the head by ~4 months, not sitting independently by 9 months, not crawling by ~12 months, or not walking by 18 months, plus very stiff or floppy muscles or loss of a skill. This is not a diagnosis — early support works best.
Read the answer AnswerChild Not Yet Showing Group Participation: A Caregiver Guide
Many children take time to join group play, moving from watching to playing alongside before playing with others — usually a normal step toward social confidence. Caregivers can invite gently, never force, start with one trusted peer, and build small wins while watching how things grow over a few months. Seek a developmental check if group avoidance travels with little eye contact, few words, distress that does not settle, or loss of a skill — early, calm support works beautifully.
Read the answer AnswerWhen a child isn't yet showing group play
Playing together is one of the last social-play skills to develop, often settling by four to five years, so a child not yet showing group play is usually at a normal stage. Keep offering warm, small, low-pressure chances to be around other children and follow their lead. Seek a developmental check if play isn't maturing over time or if it travels with delays in talking, eye contact or responding to their name.
Read the answer AnswerIf a child isn't yet showing gymnastic skill
Gymnastic skills like rolling, balancing and tumbling develop gradually and across a wide normal range. If a child isn't showing them yet, it usually means more practice, confidence and safe movement opportunities are needed rather than a problem. Offer plenty of active play, watch the broader picture of walking, running and coordination, and arrange a developmental check if wider motor or developmental delays appear. This is observation, not alarm — early support works beautifully.
Read the answer AnswerCaregiver guide: a child not yet showing head control
Most babies steady their head by around 4 months and hold it firmly by 6 months. If a baby in your care is past 4 months with a consistently floppy or lagging head, arrange a calm developmental check — especially if you also notice feeding difficulty, very low or high muscle tone, or not tracking faces. This is reason to assess early, not a diagnosis, because early support works best.
Read the answer AnswerIf a child isn't showing hyperactivity, what should a caregiver do?
A child who is not showing hyperactivity is usually doing well — a calm, settled child is typical and healthy. The absence of restlessness is not a concern on its own. Seek a developmental check only if calmness travels with other differences, such as unusual stillness, low engagement, or delays in talking, moving or connecting. This is reassurance and monitoring, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerWhat to do if a child isn't yet showing imagination
Imaginative pretend play usually emerges between 18 months and 3 years. If a child isn't showing it yet, it is most often a matter of stage, opportunity or temperament — not a problem. Invite play through everyday moments with open-ended toys, and if pretend play hasn't appeared by around 2½–3 years or comes with delays in talking or social connection, arrange a calm developmental check. This is a reason to look early, never a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerWhat to do if a child isn't showing imaginative play
Pretend play usually emerges between about 18 months and 3 years and unfolds differently for every child. If a child isn't yet pretending, gently invite and model play in everyday moments rather than worrying. Seek a developmental check if pretend play hasn't begun by around 2.5–3 years, or if it travels with delays in talking, gestures or social connection. This is a reason to look early, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerSupporting a child who isn't pretending yet
Imaginative play usually emerges between 18 months and 3 years, at each child's own pace. The best support is to join in, model simple make-believe, offer open-ended props and give it time — not pressure. Seek a developmental check if pretend play hasn't appeared by around 2½–3 years, or if it comes with few words, little eye contact or limited interest in shared play. This is a reason to look gently, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerChild Not Imitating Yet? A Caregiver's Guide
Imitation — copying gestures, sounds and play actions — usually grows across the first two years. If a child isn't yet copying, invite it through face-to-face play, mirror their sounds and actions, and watch the wider picture of communication and connection. This is a reason to support and observe, not a diagnosis; a developmental check is wise if imitation is absent alongside delays in words, eye contact or social play.
Read the answer AnswerWhat to do if a child isn't yet showing imitation skills
Imitation — copying actions, sounds and faces — is a key way children learn, and it unfolds at different paces. If a child isn't yet imitating, make copying playful and frequent while gently watching their wider communication and play. This isn't a diagnosis, but a calm developmental check is wise, because early play-based support works best.
Read the answer AnswerHelping a Child Who Isn't Yet Imitating
Imitation — copying claps, faces and sounds — is how children learn to connect. If a child in your care isn't yet imitating, start with joyful face-to-face play: mirror their actions, exaggerate and pause, pair gestures with sounds, and celebrate every attempt. Seek a developmental check if imitation isn't emerging alongside few gestures, little eye contact or shared smiling, or limited response to their name. This is a reason to assess early, not a diagnosis — early, play-based support works best.
Read the answer AnswerIf a Child Isn't Yet Showing Impulsivity: A Caregiver's Guide
A child not yet showing impulsivity is usually displaying healthy emerging self-control — patience, waiting and thinking before acting — which is a strength, not a worry. The thing to watch is the whole picture: how the child connects, plays, communicates and engages. Seek a developmental check only if low impulsivity travels with delays in talking, social connection, play or unusual withdrawal — not a diagnosis, simply a wise early look.
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