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Occupational Therapy
Explore explanations, everyday questions and next steps connected with occupational therapy.
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Signs & concerns
Is it normal that my child is not yet showing task responsibility?
Between 3 and 7, task responsibility is still developing and varies widely from child to child, so a child not yet showing it is usually normal. A 3-year-old needs full guidance while a 6-year-old can manage a simple two-step task with reminders. Seek a developmental check only if your child is far behind peers across many everyday tasks, or if it comes with worries about attention, language or self-care — this is a reason to assess, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerIs It Normal My Child Isn't Showing Tiptoe Balance Yet?
Tiptoe balance usually emerges between 3 and 5 years, with a wide normal range, so a 3- or 4-year-old not yet doing it is most often simply still building strength and balance. Seek a developmental check if it hasn't appeared by around age 5, or if it sits alongside frequent falling, persistent toe-walking, stiffness or floppiness, asymmetry, or any loss of skill. These are reasons to review early, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerIs it normal that my child is not yet showing toileting skills?
Most children develop daytime toilet skills between about 2½ and 4 years, with full reliability and night dryness often later — so still developing these within that window is usually normal. Toileting depends on body readiness, language, attention and confidence, which each child lines up at their own pace. Seek a developmental check only if several readiness signs are missing well past age 4, there is pain, or a learned skill is lost.
Read the answer AnswerIs It Normal My Child Isn't Showing Vestibular Processing Yet?
Vestibular processing — the inner sense of balance and movement — isn't a dated milestone, so not being able to point to it usually means nothing is wrong. It develops gradually between 3 and 7 through swinging, spinning, climbing and tumbling. Seek a gentle check only if your child is intensely fearful of movement, or craves it constantly, in ways that get in the way of play, dressing, eating or sleep — or if it travels with other delays. This is reason to observe early, never a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerIs it normal that my child is not yet showing visual processing?
Visual processing is not a single milestone but a set of looking-and-understanding skills that grow steadily from age 3 to 7, so a wide range is normal. First rule out an eye-sight problem, then watch if your child struggles to find things in plain sight, misjudges distances, finds puzzles or copying hard, loses their place on a page, or avoids looking tasks. These are reasons to observe and, if persistent, to assess early — not a diagnosis. Early, play-based support works beautifully at this age.
Read the answer AnswerWalking Balance in Children: Is It Normal?
Between 3 and 7 years, walking balance develops across a wide normal range, with steadiness still maturing — most independent walking is set by about 18 months. A bit of wobble is usually just growing confidence. Seek a developmental check if your child is not walking at all by ~18 months, falls far more than peers, walks on tiptoe most of the time, or loses a skill. These are reasons to look closer, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerAdaptive Development at 12–18 Months
Between 12 and 18 months, most toddlers steadily grow everyday self-help skills — finger-feeding, drinking from a cup with help, cooperating with dressing and showing preferences. There's a wide normal range, so daily differences are usually fine. Seek a developmental check if your child shows little interest in self-feeding, can't be eased into routines, loses a skill, or if adaptive lags come with delays in talking, moving or connecting. This is a reason to observe early, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerIs my 12-to-18-month-old developing normally in motor?
Between 12 and 18 months most toddlers move from cruising furniture to walking, and from a neat finger-and-thumb pinch to scribbling and stacking — across a wide, healthy range. Your child is very likely developing well. Seek a developmental check mainly if they are not walking by 18 months, cannot stand with support, strongly favour one side, feel very floppy or stiff, or have lost a skill. This is a reason to assess early, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerIs My 12-to-18-Month-Old Developing Normally in Sensory?
Between 12 and 18 months, exploring textures, reacting to sounds, seeking movement and being a little fussy about new textures are all typically normal sensory development. Seek a gentle developmental and hearing check if your toddler doesn't respond to their name or sounds, is extremely and persistently distressed by everyday textures, sounds or lights, seems unaware of pain, or if sensory reactions come with delays in words, pointing, walking or social connection. This is a reason to assess early — not a diagnosis — because early support works best.
Read the answer AnswerIs My 18-to-24-Month-Old Developing Normally in Adaptive Skills?
At 18–24 months, adaptive (self-help) skills like spoon-feeding, drinking from a cup, pulling off socks and copying chores grow quickly but unevenly — a wide range is normal. Most toddlers want to do things "myself", with mess and slowness being part of learning. Seek a gentle developmental check if your child shows little interest in self-feeding or helping by around 24 months, or if adaptive lags travel with delays in talking, movement or social connection. This is a reason to look early, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerMotor Development at 18–24 Months
Between 18 and 24 months, most toddlers walk well, begin to run, climb, kick a ball and stack a few blocks, with a wide healthy range of timing. A gentle developmental check is wise if your child is not walking by 18 months, has lost a skill once had, or seems clearly behind peers in moving or using their hands. This is a reason to look early, not a diagnosis — early support works best at this age.
Read the answer AnswerSensory Development at 18–24 Months: Is It Normal?
At 18–24 months, most sensory behaviours — spinning, mouthing toys, loving or hating messy play, covering ears at loud sounds — are typical as your toddler learns how the world feels. Seek a developmental check if sensory responses are extreme and daily, disrupt eating, sleeping, dressing or play, or come with delays in talking, social connection or movement. These are reasons to assess early, not a diagnosis, because early support works best.
Read the answer AnswerIs My 2-Year-Old Developing Normally in Adaptive Skills?
Most two-year-olds are building everyday independence — spoon-feeding, drinking from a cup, helping with dressing, and copying simple chores. There's a wide healthy range, so a few unmastered skills is usually fine. Seek a gentle developmental check if your child shows little interest in self-feeding or dressing, doesn't imitate daily routines, or if adaptive concerns come alongside delays in talking, play or movement. This is reassurance and early opportunity, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerIs my 2-year-old developing normally in motor skills?
Most 2-year-olds walk confidently, begin to run, climb, kick a ball and scribble — with a wide, healthy range across children. By around 24 months many walk up steps holding on and use a spoon, with hand skills growing through the year. If your child isn't walking by 18 months, has lost a skill, or several motor milestones seem behind together, a calm developmental check is wise — not a diagnosis, just early opportunity.
Read the answer AnswerIs my 2-year-old developing normally in sensory?
A wide range of sensory reactions is typical at age two — some toddlers love spinning and splashing, others dislike loud places or certain textures, and both can be normal. Seek a gentle developmental check if reactions are so strong or frequent that they disrupt play, eating, sleep or being with people, or if they travel with delays in talking, eye contact or response to name. This is a reason to look closer early, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerIs My 2-Year-Old Ready for Age-Appropriate Independence?
At two, independence means wanting to try and managing small steps with loving support nearby — not doing things perfectly alone. Most two-year-olds begin self-feeding with a spoon, removing easy clothes, helping with handwashing and making simple choices. If your child is curious and attempting these, that's on track. Seek a gentle developmental check only if there's little interest in trying, no following of simple requests, or words and gestures aren't emerging.
Read the answer AnswerIs My 3-to-6-Month-Old Developing Normally in Adaptive Skills?
Between 3 and 6 months, most babies make big strides in adaptive skills — reaching, grasping, bringing hands and objects to the mouth, and showing curiosity about food and faces. Wide variation is normal. A gentle developmental check is wise only if, around 5–6 months, your baby isn't reaching at all, keeps hands tightly fisted, or shows little interest in objects and people — reasons to look, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerIs my 3–6 month old developing normally in motor?
Between 3 and 6 months most babies build head control, begin reaching and grasping, bring hands to the middle, and start to roll — all within a wide, normal range that varies baby to baby. Seek a developmental check if limbs are very floppy or very stiff, there's no steady head control by ~4 months, no reaching by ~6 months, use of only one side, or loss of a skill. These are reasons to look closer early — not a diagnosis — because support works best when started young.
Read the answer AnswerIs my 3-to-6-month-old developing normally in sensory?
Between 3 and 6 months, healthy sensory development means turning to sounds and voices, following faces and toys with the eyes, bringing hands and toys to the mouth, and settling when held. There is a wide normal range, so small differences in pace are usually fine. Seek a gentle developmental check if your baby consistently doesn't respond to loud sounds, doesn't make eye contact or follow objects, feels very floppy or stiff, or is extremely distressed by everyday touch and movement — and always if a skill is lost.
Read the answer AnswerIs my 3-year-old developing normally in adaptive skills?
Around three, a wide range of adaptive skills is normal — many children feed themselves with a spoon and fork, pull on simple clothes with help, wash their hands, and begin toilet training. If your child manages most daily tasks in their own way and grows steadily, that's reassuring. A gentle developmental check is wise only if several self-care skills are well behind, or delays travel alongside it — this is a reason to look early, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerIs my 3-year-old developing normally in motor?
Most three-year-olds run, climb, jump with both feet, kick a ball, stack blocks and hold a crayon. Children grow at their own pace, so small differences are usually fine. Seek a calm developmental check if your child misses several of these, falls very often, can't climb stairs, seems much weaker on one side, loses a skill, or has motor concerns alongside delays in talking or connecting. This is reason to look early — not a diagnosis — because early support works best.
Read the answer AnswerIs My 3-Year-Old's Sensory Development Normal?
At three, most sensory quirks — covering ears at loud noise, disliking certain textures, loving to spin or crash — are completely typical and settle with growth. Seek a gentle developmental check if sensory responses are so strong or frequent that they disrupt eating, sleeping, dressing, play or friendships, or come with delays in talking, social connection or movement. This is a reason to assess early, not a diagnosis — early support works best.
Read the answer AnswerIs my 3-year-old ready for age-appropriate independence?
Most 3-year-olds are at the start of everyday independence — self-feeding, helping with dressing, beginning toileting and making small choices — with a wide healthy range. Readiness shows in the direction of travel: a child gradually wanting and trying to do more. Offer small tasks and choices and watch how your child takes them on. A gentle developmental check helps only if many self-help skills feel far behind or travel with delays in talking, moving or connecting — a reason to look early, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer Answer4-Year-Old Adaptive Development
Around age four, most children are growing steadily in adaptive (self-help) skills — dressing with simple clothes, daytime toilet independence, feeding themselves with a spoon, washing hands and following familiar routines. Children vary widely, so being ahead or behind on one skill is usually fine. A developmental check is wise if several self-help skills lag well behind, progress has stalled, or a skill has been lost — not as a diagnosis, but because early support works best at this age.
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