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Book Assessment
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Signs & concerns
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Signs & concerns
If a child isn't showing tiptoe walking
Tiptoe walking is not a milestone a child must reach — many children never toe-walk at all, and its absence is no cause for concern. What matters is walking on flat, stable feet. Seek a developmental check not for missing toe-walking, but if walking is delayed past around 18 months, or if legs seem stiff, gait is lopsided, or a child persistently walks only on tiptoes past age 2. This is reason to observe, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerWhat to do if a child isn't yet taking turns
Turn taking develops gradually through back-and-forth play and conversation, and many children need plenty of warm practice before it clicks. As a caregiver, build daily give-and-wait games — rolling a ball, peek-a-boo, songs with pauses — and watch how the child responds. Seek a developmental check if turn taking is well behind peers or comes with delays in talking, eye contact or shared play. This is a reason to look early, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerWhen a child isn't yet showing understanding
If a child in your care isn't yet showing understanding — not responding to their name, following simple requests or grasping daily routines — start with calm observation, not worry. First check hearing, reduce noise, and pair words with gesture and a clear voice. Seek a developmental check if comprehension lags well behind peers or travels with delays in attention, play or communication. This is a reason to look early, never a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerWhen a child in your care isn't talking yet
If a child in your care isn't yet using words, talk, narrate, sing and respond to every gesture and sound while arranging an early developmental check. Communication grows before speech — pointing, babbling, eye contact and gestures all count. Have hearing checked too. This is a reason to look early, not a diagnosis, because support at this stage works well.
Read the answer AnswerWhat to do if a child isn't showing verbal knowledge
If a child in your care is not yet showing verbal knowledge — understanding words, naming, or using language to learn — arrange a calm developmental check rather than waiting. This is not a diagnosis; it means a clinician's gentle look is wise now, because early language support works best. Meanwhile, everyday talking, naming and reading give a child the richest possible input.
Read the answer AnswerIf a child isn't yet showing verbal reasoning
Verbal reasoning — thinking and solving problems with words — develops gradually through rich everyday conversation, and children reach it at different times. If a child in your care isn't yet reasoning aloud, keep talking richly with them, watch how they understand and use language, and arrange a calm developmental check rather than waiting. This is not a diagnosis — it means a clinician's gentle look is wise now, because early support works best.
Read the answer AnswerVestibular Processing: A Caregiver's Guide
Vestibular processing is how a child's brain reads movement, balance and head position. If a child in your care avoids or craves movement, seems unsteady or fearful, or struggles with balance, observe calmly and bring it to a clinician — this is a reason to check early, not a diagnosis. Vestibular skills grow through playful movement, and gentle occupational-therapy support helps when needed.
Read the answer AnswerWhat to do if a child isn't yet showing visual processing
Visual processing — how a child's brain makes sense of what the eyes see — develops over months and years, so a child not yet showing it may simply be at their own pace. Keep offering rich visual play, have eyesight checked, and arrange a developmental check if your child consistently does not look at faces, follow objects or reach for what they see, or if eyes wander or cross. This is a reason to look closely, not to panic — early support works well.
Read the answer AnswerWhat to do if a child isn't yet showing visual reception
If a child in your care isn't yet showing visual reception — following faces, tracking moving toys or reaching for what they see — keep offering gentle, playful visual moments, note what you observe, and arrange both a paediatric eye check and a developmental review. This is not a diagnosis; it means an early, calm look is wise, because support started early works best.
Read the answer AnswerWhat to do if a child isn't yet showing visual spatial processing
Visual spatial processing is how a child understands where objects are, how they fit together and how they move through space — seen in puzzles, block-stacking and navigating a room. These skills emerge at different paces. If a child isn't yet showing them, arrange a calm developmental check rather than worrying, especially if difficulties persist or travel with other delays in fine motor skills, coordination or attention. This is a reason to observe early, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerIf a child isn't yet showing visuospatial skills
Visuospatial skills — judging space, fitting shapes, building, copying patterns and finding the way around — develop at different paces. If a child isn't yet showing them, offer more hands-on play, watch how they manage everyday space and shape tasks, and arrange a calm developmental check if the gap is wide or paired with other delays. This is reason to observe early, not a diagnosis — early support works best.
Read the answer AnswerWhat to do if a child isn't yet understanding or using words
Vocabulary grows on a wide individual timeline, so a quiet stretch isn't alarming. Keep talking and playing richly, gently track what the child understands and says, and arrange a developmental check if words or understanding are clearly behind peers or have stalled. This isn't a diagnosis — it means an early clinician's look is wise, because support works best early.
Read the answer AnswerWhat to do if a child isn't showing vocabulary knowledge yet
If a child in your care isn't yet showing expected vocabulary, keep talking, naming and reading with them daily, and arrange a developmental check rather than waiting. Notice whether understanding, gestures and social connection are still growing — that is reassuring — and seek a check if words and these other threads seem behind or if any skill is lost. This is a reason to assess early, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerWhat to do if a child isn't showing vocalisation development
If a child in your care isn't yet cooing or babbling, respond warmly to every sound they make, fill their day with talk and song, and check their hearing. Arrange a developmental check if sounds are very few, there's no back-and-forth, they don't respond to sound, or babble has faded. This isn't a diagnosis — it means a clinician's gentle, early look is wise, because vocal play is the foundation of speech and early support works best.
Read the answer AnswerIf a Child in Your Care Isn't Walking Yet
Most children walk between 12 and 18 months, with a wide normal range. As a caregiver, watch the whole motor picture — pulling to stand and cruising by around 12 months, even weight-bearing on both legs, and trunk control. Arrange a gentle developmental check if the child isn't walking by around 18 months, strongly favours one side, or shows stiffness, floppiness or a lost skill. This isn't a diagnosis — early, calm review opens opportunities for support.
Read the answer AnswerWhat to do if a child isn't yet showing word knowledge
Word knowledge — understanding what words mean — usually grows before clear speech, so a child who comprehends but says little is often on their own path. Keep naming, talking and reading through the day, watch for response to name and following simple requests, and arrange a calm developmental check rather than wait. This is reason to assess early, not a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerIf a child isn't yet showing working memory: a caregiver's guide
Working memory — holding information in mind to use moments later — develops gradually, so a young child not yet showing it is often simply early on a normal path. Caregivers can help most through memory-rich play, simple one-or-two-step instructions, and noticing patterns over weeks. Seek a developmental check if a child consistently loses track of simple instructions far beyond peers, or this travels with delays in talking, attention or learning. This is reason to observe early, never a diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerAt What Age Does a Toddler Develop Adaptability?
Adaptability — coping with change and transitions — develops gradually from 12 to 36 months: small routine shifts with help by 12–18 months, eased transitions by 2 years, and minor changes managed with growing ease by 3 years. Wide variation is normal; persistent extreme distress at every change warrants a friendly developmental check.
Read the answer AnswerWhen Do a Child's Adaptive Skills Develop?
Adaptive skills — self-feeding, dressing, washing and toileting — develop most visibly between 12 and 36 months, in gradual steps unique to each child. There is no single deadline; if a toddler shows little progress over months or loses a skill, a friendly developmental screen is the sensible next step.
Read the answer AnswerAt What Age Should a Child Show Attachment Responses?
Clear attachment responses — calming to a familiar caregiver, social smiling, and a preference for you — typically emerge between 6 and 12 months, with separation protest by 9–18 months and using you as a secure base through the toddler years. The range is wide; warm back-and-forth matters more than an exact date.
Read the answer AnswerAt What Age Does a Toddler's Attention Develop?
There's no single age when attention 'should' appear — it grows steadily across the toddler years. Expect brief, interest-led, adult-supported focus, lengthening to a few minutes by 2–3 years. Check in if your toddler rarely settles or shares attention by around 3 years.
Read the answer AnswerAt what age should a child develop attention and inhibition?
Attention and inhibition develop gradually from 12 to 36 months. A 1-year-old focuses in brief flickers; by age 3 many toddlers can settle to a favourite activity for a few minutes and begin to wait or stop when asked. Impulsivity is normal at this age, and variation is wide.
Read the answer AnswerAt what age should a child develop auditory memory?
Auditory memory develops gradually from 12 to 36 months — from following one simple instruction around 12–18 months to remembering two-step requests and joining familiar rhymes by 2–3 years. It is a skill to nurture, not a single age to pass; a hearing check and developmental screen help if a toddler struggles to follow simple spoken requests by age 2.
Read the answer AnswerAt What Age Should a Child Develop Autonomy?
Autonomy isn't one milestone — it grows from about 12 months to 3 years. Toddlers start asserting independence at 12–18 months (self-feeding, choosing, "no") and by 3 years manage simple self-care like hand-washing and undressing with guidance. Each child's pace varies, and that range is normal.
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