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Emotional Behavioural Difficulties
Explore the questions families and professionals ask about emotional behavioural difficulties.
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Signs & concerns
Causes & influences
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Signs & concerns
Early Signs of Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties at 6–9 Months
At six to nine months it is far too early to diagnose emotional or behavioural difficulties — fussing, clinginess and stranger-wariness are all normal. Gently observe how your baby connects, soothes and responds; persistent flat affect, very little eye contact or being unusually hard to comfort over several weeks is worth a calm developmental check. Only a clinician can assess.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties at Age 6
Around age 6, possible early signs of Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties include frequent intense meltdowns out of step with the situation, persistent worry or sadness, trouble separating, defiance or aggression that doesn't ease with support, and difficulty making or keeping friends — especially when these last several weeks and affect both home and school. At this age these are patterns to observe and discuss, not to label at home, and an emotional-wellbeing and developmental check is the sensible first step.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties at 9–12 Months
At 9–12 months there is no diagnosable emotional or behavioural disorder — a baby's emotions are still forming through responsive care. Reassuring signs are smiling, seeking comfort and settling with soothing. Worth a gentle check (never self-diagnosis): persistent inconsolability, very little social connection over weeks, or major lasting changes in feeding or sleep. The right step is a warm developmental and wellbeing review for baby and parent.
Read the answer AnswerEarly signs of Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties in a newborn
In a newborn (0–3 months) there is no clinically meaningful way to identify Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties — these are patterns recognised much later in childhood. Newborns show temperament and states (crying, feeding, sleeping, settling), all normal and variable. The right focus now is responsive, loving care and routine newborn and developmental checks, with prompt paediatric advice for any health concern.
Read the answer AnswerEarly signs of emotional & behavioural difficulties
Early signs of emotional and behavioural difficulties are feelings and behaviour more intense, frequent or longer-lasting than expected for age — frequent meltdowns, withdrawal, fear, aggression or trouble settling — that persist across settings and disrupt daily life. Most big feelings are normal; the signal is a lasting pattern. Trust your instinct and ask for a developmental check.
Read the answer AnswerClinical Red Flags for Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties Warranting Referral
In young children, emotional and behavioural difficulties warrant referral when distress or dysregulation is persistent (>6 months), pervasive across settings, developmentally excessive, and functionally impairing — affecting attachment, play, sleep, feeding or learning. Any self-injury, risk to others, regression, or safeguarding concern lowers the threshold to urgent referral. Mild, situational behaviours in a thriving child usually respond to parent-guided support with watchful review.
Read the answer AnswerEarly Signs of Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties During a Home Visit
During a home visit, watch for emotional and behavioural patterns that are more intense, longer-lasting, or earlier than expected for age, and that appear across more than one setting. These signal a gentle referral, never a diagnosis. Persistent parental worry is itself an important early indicator.
Read the answer AnswerWhen should a frontline health worker refer a child with possible Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties?
Refer a child with possible emotional & behavioural difficulties when the problem is persistent (beyond 4-6 weeks), pervasive (across home and school), and interfering with learning, relationships or daily life. Refer promptly for any self-harm risk or sudden regression. Frontline workers route, not diagnose.
Read the answer AnswerWhen should I worry about my 12–18-month-old's emotions and behaviour?
At 12–18 months, tantrums, clinginess and big feelings are normal — there is no meaningful diagnosis of Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties at this age. Worry, and seek a developmental check, only when distress is near-constant and unsoothable, when connection and shared smiles are missing, or when earlier skills fade. The right step is gentle reassurance and a routine check, not alarm.
Read the answer AnswerWhen to worry about emotional & behavioural difficulties at 18–24 months
Between 18 and 24 months, big tantrums, clinginess and defiance are normal toddler development, not a disorder. Worry is reasonable when difficulties are intense, persistent over weeks, present across many settings, and interfere with sleep, feeding, play or relationships. Behaviour at this age is often communication — a clinician assesses the whole child, never a label from one observation.
Read the answer AnswerWhen Should I Worry About My 2-Year-Old's Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties?
At two, big tantrums, clinginess and limit-testing are normal — the toddler brain feels faster than it can self-soothe. Look closer only when struggles are frequent, intense, prolonged and show across home, crèche and other settings, or come with withdrawal, fearfulness or no developing words. You don't need a diagnosis to seek a gentle developmental check.
Read the answer AnswerWhen to worry about EBD in a 3–6-month-old
At 3 to 6 months it is too early to label Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties — these patterns are recognised in older children, not young babies. What matters now is the foundation of connection: social smiles, calming when comforted, watching faces, cooing. If those are consistently absent or fading, seek a general developmental check rather than a behaviour-focused assessment.
Read the answer AnswerWhen should I worry about my 3-year-old's emotional and behavioural difficulties?
At three, tantrums, defiance and big feelings are largely typical. Worry is warranted not after one hard week but when difficult behaviour is intense, frequent, lasts for months and appears across home, nursery and other settings — holding back play, friendships or routines. A persistent pattern deserves a gentle clinician check; only a clinician can assess what's underneath.
Read the answer AnswerWhen to worry about EBD in your 4-year-old
Strong feelings, tantrums and defiance are normal at four — this is the age of learning emotional control, not having it. Worry is warranted when difficult behaviour or distress is persistent (most days for weeks), happens across settings, and clearly disrupts friendships, learning or family life. A pattern, not a single hard phase, is the signal to seek a gentle clinician review.
Read the answer AnswerWhen should I worry about my 5-year-old's emotional & behavioural difficulties?
At five, big feelings and tantrums are normal. The signal to seek help is a pattern that is persistent (weeks to months), intense, present across more than one setting, and disruptive to friendships, learning or family life. A single hard week rarely means trouble; a steady pattern does. Only a clinician can tell what's underneath.
Read the answer AnswerWhen to worry about emotional & behavioural difficulties at 6–9 months
At 6–9 months, Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties is not a meaningful label — it describes older children. What matters now is your baby's connection: shared smiles, comfort-seeking and curiosity. Fussiness and clinginess are normal. Raise any persistent concern with your paediatrician for a general developmental check, not a behavioural diagnosis.
Read the answer AnswerWhen to Worry About Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties at 6
At six, occasional meltdowns, defiance and worries are normal. The time to look more closely at Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties is when the pattern is persistent (weeks to months), pervasive (home and school), and disruptive to friendships, learning or wellbeing. A one-off rough patch isn't a worry — a steady, settled pattern that isn't easing deserves a gentle clinician check.
Read the answer AnswerWhen to worry about emotional & behavioural difficulties at 9–12 months
At 9–12 months, Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties is not yet a meaningful clinical label — babies this age are learning to feel, settle and connect, and big emotions, stranger wariness and separation upset are healthy. There is rarely cause to worry about a behavioural condition now. Real flags are persistent loss of warmth, comfort-seeking or response across days — worth a gentle developmental check, never anxious waiting.
Read the answer AnswerWhen to worry about Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties in a newborn
A newborn is far too young to be assessed for Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties — the label does not apply in the first weeks of life. Crying and fussing are normal. At this age, focus on responsive care and watch general health signs: feeding, settling, alertness, early eye contact and the first social smiles by 6–8 weeks. Speak to a paediatrician about general health or developmental concerns — not an emotional assessment — which only becomes meaningful much later in childhood.
Read the answerCauses & influences
How Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties Affect Adaptive Development
Emotional and behavioural difficulties can ripple into a child's adaptive development — the self-care, daily-living and independence skills used every day. When a child is frequently overwhelmed or dysregulated, energy that would build dressing, eating and routine skills goes into coping instead. These skills usually recover well once emotional regulation is supported, so the picture is hopeful.
Read the answer AnswerHow Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties Affect Cognitive Development
When a child is frequently overwhelmed by emotions or challenging behaviour, the brain spends its energy managing distress instead of learning — making attention, working memory, planning and problem-solving harder. This reflects reduced access to skills, not fixed ability. Support that addresses feelings and thinking together helps cognitive skills flourish again.
Read the answer AnswerHow Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties Affect Communication
Emotional and behavioural difficulties can quietly hold back a child's communication: an anxious or overwhelmed brain talks less, listens less and finds it harder to learn new words. The link runs both ways — communication struggles fuel frustration, and emotional strain dampens language. Supporting both together, early, helps the most.
Read the answer AnswerHow Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties Affect a Child's Emotional Development
Emotional and behavioural difficulties can shape a child's emotional development — affecting self-regulation, emotional awareness, empathy, resilience and confidence. When big feelings repeatedly overwhelm a child, they get less practice in calming down and bouncing back, and a self-feeding cycle can form. The encouraging truth is that emotional regulation is a learnable skill: with warm, consistent co-regulation and early support, most children grow calmer and more resilient. Seek a review if difficult feelings or behaviour are frequent, persistent or disrupting daily life.
Read the answer AnswerHow Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties Affect Motor Development
Emotional and behavioural difficulties and motor development are linked both ways: anxiety or dysregulation can reduce physical play and practice, while motor struggles breed frustration and withdrawal. They share brain pathways, so calming the body often calms emotions. Persistent difficulties that affect everyday play and happiness are worth a developmental check that looks at both together.
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